See threpen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "threap"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "threep"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "threip"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "threpe"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "threeap"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "thrape"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "threp"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "traep"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "traip"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "trep"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "trape"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "threip"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "threpe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þrēapian"
},
"expansion": "Old English þrēapian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þraupōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þraupōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þraupōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þraupōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "threp",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "threp + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English þrēapian, from Proto-West Germanic *þraupōn, from Proto-Germanic *þraupōną; equivalent to threp + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "threpen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to threpen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "threpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "threpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "threped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "threpest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "threpedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "threpeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "threped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "threpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "threped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "threpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "threpen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "threpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "threpeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "threpede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "threpeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "threpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "threpynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "threpende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "threped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "threp",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "threpe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þrepe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þræpenn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ormulum"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "threpen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "chiefly",
"3": "Northern ME"
},
"expansion": "(chiefly Northern)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "threp",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To scold, reprove, or rebuke."
],
"id": "en-threpen-enm-verb-qL71UqJ-",
"links": [
[
"scold",
"scold"
],
[
"reprove",
"reprove"
],
[
"rebuke",
"rebuke"
]
],
"tags": [
"Northern"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To argue; to have an argument with."
],
"id": "en-threpen-enm-verb-bjEVr0qi",
"links": [
[
"argue",
"argue"
],
[
"argument",
"argument"
]
],
"tags": [
"Northern"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To fight or strive; to be in conflict with."
],
"id": "en-threpen-enm-verb-NuCxWMbB",
"links": [
[
"fight",
"fight"
],
[
"strive",
"strive"
],
[
"conflict",
"conflict"
]
],
"tags": [
"Northern"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 14 16 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 15 19 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 16 20 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 11 13 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 9 11 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 0 5 87",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Human behaviour",
"orig": "enm:Human behaviour",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To maintain obstinately against denial or contradiction."
],
"id": "en-threpen-enm-verb-Rg5DMT1c",
"links": [
[
"obstinately",
"obstinately"
],
[
"denial",
"denial"
],
[
"contradiction",
"contradiction"
]
],
"tags": [
"Northern"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθrɛ̝ːpən/"
}
],
"word": "threpen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Northern Middle English",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Human behaviour"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "threap"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "threep"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "threip"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "threpe"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "threeap"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "thrape"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "threp"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "traep"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "traip"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "trep"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "trape"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "threip"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "threpe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þrēapian"
},
"expansion": "Old English þrēapian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þraupōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þraupōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þraupōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þraupōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "threp",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "threp + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English þrēapian, from Proto-West Germanic *þraupōn, from Proto-Germanic *þraupōną; equivalent to threp + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "threpen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to threpen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "threpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "threpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "threped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "threpest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "threpedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "threpeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "threped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "threpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "threped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "threpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "threpen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "threpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "threpeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "threpede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "threpeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "threpe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "threpynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "threpende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "threped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "threp",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "threpe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þrepe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "þræpenn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ormulum"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "threpen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "chiefly",
"3": "Northern ME"
},
"expansion": "(chiefly Northern)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "threp",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To scold, reprove, or rebuke."
],
"links": [
[
"scold",
"scold"
],
[
"reprove",
"reprove"
],
[
"rebuke",
"rebuke"
]
],
"tags": [
"Northern"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To argue; to have an argument with."
],
"links": [
[
"argue",
"argue"
],
[
"argument",
"argument"
]
],
"tags": [
"Northern"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To fight or strive; to be in conflict with."
],
"links": [
[
"fight",
"fight"
],
[
"strive",
"strive"
],
[
"conflict",
"conflict"
]
],
"tags": [
"Northern"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To maintain obstinately against denial or contradiction."
],
"links": [
[
"obstinately",
"obstinately"
],
[
"denial",
"denial"
],
[
"contradiction",
"contradiction"
]
],
"tags": [
"Northern"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθrɛ̝ːpən/"
}
],
"word": "threpen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for threpen meaning in Middle English (5.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.